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Acknowledgment<br/>Legend<br/>The Constitution of Japan, 1946<br/>Constitution of the Empire of Japan, 1889 [Meiji Constitution]<br/>A Very Brief Introduction to the Japanese Language<br/>Form of Citation of Japanese Legal Materials<br/>CHAPTER ONE<br/>OUTLINE OF CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL SYSTEM<br/>Section 1<br/>The Constitutional System of Japan<br/>Note: Political Parties<br/><br/>Section 2 <br/>Organization of Courts<br/>Note: Organization of Courts under the Meiji Constitution<br/><br/>Section 3<br/>Sources of Law<br/><br/>CHAPTER TWO "LEGAL PROCESS" IN JAPAN<br/>Section 1<br/>"Interpretation" of Statutes by Courts<br/>Tokyo District Court Judgment, March 29, 1969 [Saijo v. Kageyama]<br/>Supreme Court Judgment, February 2, 1967 [Fukutomi v. Fukutomi] Supreme Court Judgment, February 16, 1961<br/>[Japan v. Udagawa] Supreme Court Judgment, February 19, 1952 [Inouye v. Inouye]<br/>Tokyo District Court Judgment, November 9, 1957 [Tanaka v. Nishiwaki]<br/>Supreme Court Judgment, June 6, 1962 [Tanaka v. Nishiwaki]<br/>Supreme Court Judgment, November 18, 1964 Kawabe v. Yoshimaru] Supreme Court Judgment, November 13, 1968 Nakamura v. Kobayashi]<br/>Note: Use of Legislative History in Interpretation of Statutes<br/>Section 2 <br/>Interpretation of Penal Statutes<br/>Supreme Court Judgment, June 27, 1956 [Japan v. Saitōl<br/>Sapporo High Court Judgment, May 6, 1965 Kobayashi v. Japan]<br/>Supreme Court Judgment, March 1, 1955 (Mizuno v. Japan)<br/>Great Court of Judicature Judgment, May 21, 1903 [Japan v. Fujimura]<br/>Great Court of Judicature Judgment, August 22, 1942 [Egawa v. Japan] <br/>Supreme Court Judgment, September 9, 1958 (Furuta v. Japan]<br/>Supreme Court Decree, September 19, 1967 [Mori v. Japan]<br/>Section 3 <br/>"General Clause" (Ippan Jökō) <br/>A. "Public Policy or Good Morals" (Kōjo Ryōzoku)<br/>Supreme Court Judgment, October 7, 1955 Fujita v. Okazaki]..<br/>B. Abuse of Right (Kenri Ran'yo)<br/>Great Court of Judicature Judgment, October 5, 1935 [Shinagawa v. Kurobe Rd.] Great Court of Judicature Judgment, June 28, 1938 [Samejima v. Honda]<br/>C. Fidelity and Good Faith (Shingi Seijitsu) Great Court of Judicature Judgment, December 18, 1920 [Mukõyama v. Yoshikawa] D. "Jori" (Natural Reason)<br/>Section 4 "Interpretation" of Contracts<br/>A. Introduction<br/>B. "Reibun" Kaishaku (Interpretation of "Stereo- typed Provisions") Tokyo District Court Judgment, 1912 (exact date unknown) [Harada v. Ishii]. <br/>C. Implied Manifestation of Intention (mokuji no ishi hyoji) <br/>Great Court of Judicature Judgment, May 24, 1933 [Kurihara v. Daiichi Fire and Marine Insurance Co.] <br/>D. Standard Form Contract (Yakkan)<br/>Tanikawa, Kigyō-Torihiki to Ho (Business Trans- actions and Law).<br/>Supreme Court Judgment, June 10, 1971 [Fuji- bayashi v. Fuji Bank]<br/>Tokyo District Court Judgment, June 22, 1970 [Showa Petroleum Co. v. Taisho Marine and Fire Insurance Co.].<br/>Osumi, Shōhō Sosoku (General Part of the Commercial Code) 80-81<br/>Section 5<br/>Judicial Precedents<br/>Hozumi, Hashigaki (Foreword) to Shinzoku Ho Sözoku Hō Hanrei Hihyo (Comments on Cases concerning the Law on Domestic Relations and Succession)<br/>Suehiro, Jo (Preface) to Hanrei Mimpō: Taisho 10 Nendo (Case Law in the Field of Civil Law: 1921) <br/>Yunoki, Hanrei Kenkyū no Mokuteki to Hōhō (Objectives and Methods of Studies of Precedents)<br/>Great Court of Judicature Judgment, October 3, 1910 [Miura v. Kozawa]<br/>Great Court of Judicature Judgment, June 5, 1919 [Kabutomori v. Honda]<br/>Great Court of Judicature Judgment, May 30, 1927 [Daiwa Transport Co. v. Imai-"Zannen <br/>Hanketsu"] <br/>Tokyo Court of Appeals Judgment, May 26,1933 [Tokyo Express Co. v. Sugiura]<br/>Supreme Court Judgment, November 1, 1967 [Kurosu v. Bandō Transport Company]<br/>Great Court of Judicature Judgment, January 26, 1915 [Yanaka v. Nozawa]<br/>Great Court of Judicature Judgment, March 21, 1919 [Tanizaki v. Kurihara]<br/>Great Court of Judicature Judgment, June 11, 1919 [Nohara v. Yoshizawa]<br/>CHAPTER THREE<br/>DEVELOPMENT OF JAPANESE LAW<br/>SINCE 1867<br/>Section 1<br/>Introduction<br/>Takayanagi, A Century of Innovation: The De- velopment of Japanese Law, 1868-1961<br/>Section 2 <br/>Impact of Foreign Law and Legal Scholarship<br/>Noda, Nihon ni okeru Hikaku-hō no Hatten to Genjo (Comparative Jurisprudence in Japan: Its Past and Present).<br/>Hoshino, Nihon Mimpō-ten ni Ataeta Furansu<br/>Mimpō no Eikyō (Influence of French Civil<br/>Law upon the Civil Code of Japan) <br/>Kitagawa, Theory Reception-One Aspect of the Development of Japanese Civil Law Science<br/>Itō, Nihon ni okeru Gaikoku Hō no Sesshu: Igirisu Ho (Impact of Foreign Law in Japan: English Law)<br/>Tanaka, Nihon ni okeru Gaikoku Hō no Sesshu: Amerika Hō (Impact of Foreign Law in Japan: American Law).<br/><br/>CHAPTER FOUR<br/>THE ROLE OF LAW AND LAWYERS IN JAPANESE SOCIETY<br/>Section 1 <br/>Introduction<br/>Tanaka, Jittei Hogaku Nyūmon (Introduction to the Study of Positive Law) <br/>Kawashima, Dispute Resolution in Contemporary Japan<br/>Section 2 <br/>Attitude of Japanese People Toward Law<br/>Ben-Dasan, The Japanese and the Jews <br/>Noda, Nihon-jin no Seikaku to sono Hō-kannen (The Character of the Japanese People and Their Conception of Law)<br/>Section 3 <br/>Reflections of People's Attitude upon Law<br/>A. Introduction<br/>B. "Both Parties are to Blame" (Kenka Ryōseibai)<br/>Great Court of Judicature Judgment, January 23, 1932 [Osada v. Japan]<br/>C. Emphasis upon Repentance Dando, Keiho Köyő: Söron (Elements Law: General Parts) 421-24. of Penal Supreme Court Judgment, July 4, 1956 [Okuri v. Kageyama] Section 4 Attitude of Japanese Law Toward Law.33 Tanaka & Takeuchi, The Role of Private Persons in the Enforcement of Law: A Comparative Study of Japanese and American Law<br/>Section 5 "Administrative Guidance"<br/>Narita, Administrative Guidance<br/>Supreme Court Judgment, June 4, 1963 [Gover- nor of Tochigi Prefecture v. Nakamoto] Yamanouchi, Administrative Guidance and the Rule of Law "Administrative Guidance" and Antimonopoly Law [newspaper clippings].<br/>Section 6 <br/>Recent Trends in Japanese Attitudes and Approaches to Litigation<br/>A. Resort to Litigation in New Situations [Newspaper clipplings]<br/>B. The Legal Process and Industrial Japan [Newspaper clippings]<br/>1. The Shinkansen and Noise Pollution.<br/>2. Noise Pollution Attributed to Aircraft.<br/>3. Tort Claims Involving Products Liability..<br/>a) Cases Concerning Pharmaceuticals. <br/>b) The Morinaga Case<br/>C. The Japanese System Through Foreign Eyes [Newspaper clippings]<br/>CHAPTER FIVE<br/>COURTS AND PROCEDURE<br/>Section 1 <br/>Problems in the Japanese Judicial System Mikazuki, Saibansho Seido (Judicial System)<br/>Section 2<br/>Delays in Court Proceedings <br/>Supreme Court Judgment, December 20, 1972 [Pak v. Japan]<br/>Section 3<br/>Participation by Laymen in Judicial Proceedings<br/>Urabe, Wagakuni ni Okeru Baishin Saiban no Kenkyň (A Study on Trial by Jury in Japan) <br/>Section 4 <br/>Conciliation<br/>Tanaka, Jittei Högaku Nyümon (Introduction to the Study of Positive Law) 289-94<br/>Rinji Chôtei Seido Shingikai Toshin-sho (Report of the Ad Hoc Deliberative Council on the Conciliation System)<br/>Section 5<br/>Basic Problems in Procedure<br/>A. Civil Procedure<br/>Tanabe, The Processes of Litigation: An Experiment with the Adversary System<br/>B. Criminal Procedure<br/>Nagashima, The Accused and Society: The Adminis- tration of Criminal Justice in Japan<br/><br/>CHAPTER SIX THE PROFESSION<br/>Section 1 <br/>Introduction: Divided Profession<br/>Section 2 <br/>The Three Branches of the Profession<br/>Note: Reappointment of Judges of Inferior Courts<br/>Section 3 <br/>Quasi-Lawyers<br/>Section 4 <br/>Legal Education<br/>Abe, Education of the Legal Profession in Japan.. 5 Statement by the Dean of the Faculty of Law, University of Tokyo [concerning the Proposal for a One Year Extension of its Period of Education] on November 9, 1966.<br/>Section 5 <br/>The Foreign Lawyer in Japan<br/>Fukuhara, The Status of Foreign Lawyers in Japan<br/><br/>CHAPTER SEVEN <br/>CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY SINCE 1867<br/>Section 1 <br/>Meiji Constitution<br/>Takayanagi, A Century of Innovation: The Development of Japanese Law, 1868-1961 Miyasawa, Kempo (Constitutional Law) 27-43<br/>Section 2<br/>Making of the Constitution of Japan, 1946<br/>Ward, The Origins of the Present Japanese Constitution<br/>Tanaka, A History of the Constitution of Japan of 1946 <br/>Takayanagi, Ohtomo & Tanaka, Nihon-koku Kempo Seitei no Katei (The Making of the Constitution of Japan) vol. 1: Documents. 668 <br/>Miyasawa, Kempo (Constitutional Law) 47-49, 59-61<br/>CHAPTER EIGHT<br/>JUDICIAL REVIEW<br/>A. Introduction<br/>B. Standing<br/>Supreme Court Judgment, January 19, 1962 [Sakamoto v. Japan]<br/>C. The Supreme Court<br/>CHAPTER NINE "RENUNCIATION OF WAR" CLAUSE<br/>A. Legislative History of Article 9 of the Constitution <br/>Takayanagi, Ohtomo & Tanaka, Nihon-koku Kempo Seitei no Katei (The Making of the Constitution of Japan) vol. 2, 43-46 <br/>Excerpts from the Record of the Meeting of General Whitney etc. with Dr. Matsumoto etc., on February 23, 1946.<br/>B. Scholarly Opinions <br/>Kobayashi, Kempo Kõgi (Treatise on Con- stitutional Law) 191-95, 199-205, 648-49.69 <br/>Itō, Kempő Nyūmon (Introduction to the Study of Constitutional Law) 116-24<br/>Note: Facts about the Self-Defense Forces<br/>C. Litigation<br/>Supreme Court Judgment, December 16, 1959 [Sakata v. Japan-The "Sunakawa Case"] Sapporo District Court Judgment, September 7, 1973 [Itō v. Minister of Agriculture and 1973 Forestry]<br/>D. Postscript<br/>Ben-Dasan, The Japanese and the Jews 11-19<br/>CHAPTER TEN<br/>CONSTITUTIONAL GUARANTEE OF HUMAN RIGHTS<br/>Section 1 Equality under the Law<br/>A. Introduction<br/>B. Re-apportionment<br/>Supreme Court Judgment, February 5, 1964 Koshiyama v. Chairman, Tokyo Election Administration Commission]<br/>C. Heavier Penalty for Patricide<br/>Supreme Court Judgment, April 4, 1973 [Aizawa v. Japan]<br/>D. Equality of the Sexes <br/>E. Minority Groups in Japan<br/>Section 2 Freedom of Thought and Freedom of Expres sion.....<br/>A. Freedom of Religion Nagoya High Court Judgment, May 14, 1971 [Sekiguchi v. Suminaga] B. Freedom of the Press<br/>Supreme Court Judgment, June 25, 1969 (Kawachi v. Japan]<br/>Supreme Court Decree, November 26, Ex parte R.K.B. Mainichi Hōsō Co.]<br/>C. Obscene Publications<br/>Supreme Court Judgment, March 13, 1957 Koyama v. Japan-Chatterley Case]<br/>Supreme Court Judgment, October 15, 1969 (Ishii v. Japan) <br/>D. Censorship.<br/>E. Freedom of Making Public Demonstrations and Other Methods of Expressing Views<br/>Supreme Court Judgment, July 20, 1960 [Japan v. Ito]<br/>Supreme Court Judgment, June 17, 1970 [Yamagishi v. Japan]<br/>Section 3 Right to Property<br/>Supreme Court Judgment, December 23, 1953 [Tanaka v. Japan]<br/>Supreme Court Judgment, June 20, 1963 [Japan v. lida]<br/>Section 4 Social Rights<br/>A. Introduction<br/>B. "Minimum Standards of Wholesome and Cul- tured Living" in Article 25 <br/>Supreme Court Judgment, May 24, 1967 [Asahi v. Minister of Health and Welfare]<br/>C. "Right of Workers"<br/>Supreme Court Judgment, April 25, 1973 [Tsuruzono v. Japan].<br/>Section 5 Procedural Rights<br/>A. Introduction<br/>B. Habeas Corpus Supreme Court Judgment, September 28, 1955<br/>[Yang v. Director, Yokohama Internment Camp for Illegal Entrants].<br/>C. Confession<br/>Supreme Court Judgment, July 1, 1966 [Abe v. Japan]<br/>Note: The Supreme Court Cases on Exclu- sionary Rules<br/>Note: Other Significant Cases on Article 38 of the Constitution<br/>D. Privilege against Self-Incrimination Supreme Court Judgment, May 2, 1962 [Saitō v. Japan]<br/>E. Search and Seizure.<br/>Supreme Court Judgment, June 7, 1961 [Japan v. Arima]<br/>Supreme Court Judgment, November 22, 1972 [Suzuki v. Japan-Kawasaki Minshō Case]..<br/>F. Due Process: Notice and Hearing in the Ad- ministrative Process Supreme Court Judgment, November 28, 1962 [Japan v. Kunihiro]<br/>Supreme Court Judgment, October 28, 1971 [Chief, Tokyo Land Transport Bureau v. Kawakami]<br/> |